How do I repair a damaged skin barrier?

Repairing a damaged barrier requires simplifying your routine to the essentials: a gentle non-stripping cleanser, a moisturizer rich in ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol, and SPF in the morning. Stop all actives — retinol, acids, vitamin C — until the barrier heals, which typically takes two to four weeks. Avoid hot water, physical scrubs, and fragranced products during this period. Consistent moisture and time are the most effective repair tools.